History Of Electric Bicycles
Regarding the development history of electric bicycles in China, the industry generally agrees that there are three stages of development: the primary stage of electric bicycles, the initial stage of large-scale production, and the stage of super-speed development.
The initial stage of electric bicycles is also known as the early experimental production stage of electric bicycles, in terms of time, that is, from 1995 to 1999. This stage is mainly to explore and study the key technologies of the four major parts of electric bicycles, motor, battery, charger and controller. In terms of R&D and production, the manufacturers spontaneously collect information, track technology, organize market observation, and launch small batches of market trials, which also makes electric bicycles begin to enter the field of vision of consumers, and are gradually recognized and accepted by them. From a technical point of view, the early electric bicycles can only travel about 30 kilometers on a new battery charge. The battery life is short, the climbing ability is poor, and it is easy to wear, and the motors are all brushless gearless motors. But the accumulation of this period has laid the foundation for today's scale of industrialization in terms of talents, technology and product research and development.
The reason why the second stage is called the initial stage of large-scale production is that there are several opportunities to promote electric bicycles during this period, so that the electric bicycles that were struggling in the initial stage suddenly ushered in the spring, and even more Yes, the development of the industry has entered a large scale, and the most valuable of these opportunities are the "ban on motorcycles" in various cities and the "SARS" in 2003
This time period is generally recognized as the period from 2000 to 2004. During this period, with the breakthroughs in key technologies and the continuous improvement of the performance of electric bicycles, electric bicycles have become the preferred choice for motorcycles and bicycles. Alternative products, and its fast, environmentally friendly, convenient and cheap, also stimulated the market's appeal for electric bicycles. In the growing market demand, the previous R&D and production companies have risen rapidly, and some new companies have also begun to enter, and their investment in electric bicycles has continued to increase, resulting in rapid expansion of production capacity (see attached table 1.1 for details). Moreover, the companies that quickly jumped up during this period are all big-handed operations, and have left those older generation R&D and production companies behind. However, large-scale enterprises represented by some well-known brands have formed, and according to the differences between the north and the south, three major industrial clusters represented by Jiangsu Wuxi, Zhejiang, and Tianjin have also formed.
The third stage is from 2005. This stage is the overspeed development stage of electric bicycles in China, which is dubbed the "well blowout stage" by the industry. During this period of time, as the fierce competition among enterprises has greatly stimulated the progress of technology and the diffusion of new technologies, the technical level of the whole industry has been greatly improved, and the life and capacity of batteries have increased by 35%. Geared motors have developed into brushless high-efficiency motors as the mainstream, with a lifespan increased by 5 times, efficiency increased by nearly 30%, and climbing and load capacity increased by about 3.5 times. While the performance is improved, the manufacturing cost has also been greatly reduced, and the price and power have dropped to 21% of the original; in the controller system and charging system, the technical level has also been greatly improved. In particular, great progress has been made in battery technology and motor technology. The technical breakthrough of lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles has taken the lead in the world, and has formed Zhejiang Changxing plate, Kang Lien, The Jiangsu plate represented by Shuangdeng and the Guangdong plate represented by Ruida. Batteries have also evolved from a single lead-acid battery to multiple types of high-performance batteries, and the emergence of lithium batteries has further promoted the development of electric bicycles, especially simple models. In terms of motors, the invention of permanent magnet brushless motors has significantly accelerated the pace of industry development. The key to motor performance is the performance of strong magnetic materials. Among various permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnet materials have the most superior performance. my country is a world-recognized country rich in rare earth resources and a powerful manufacturer of rare earth products. Due to the good performance, low price and strong manufacturing capacity of rare earth strong magnetic materials, the BLDC (brushless DC permanent magnet motor) system, which is expensive in the international market, has been widely used in Chinese companies, and the electric bicycle industry has obtained unique resource advantages. From the perspective of the total production and sales volume of the industry, in 2005, the total output of various light electric vehicles (including electric bicycles) of hundreds of enterprises in the country is expected to exceed 9 million units, and the export is about 2 to 3 million units, achieving an industrial output value of 2 million 100 million yuan, about 6 billion yuan in profits and taxes, and nearly 1 million people employed in related production and service fields. The production and sales of light electric vehicles in China have accounted for more than 90% of the world, and China has become the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of light electric vehicles.
