Complete Explanation Of The Most Complete Components Of Electric Vehicles
What is an electric vehicle?
In short, electric vehicles refer to locomotives driven by electricity. Currently, electric vehicles mainly include electric bicycles, electric two wheeled motorcycles, electric tricycles, electric three wheeled motorcycles, electric four wheeled vehicles, electric scooters, etc. There are two main types of electricity for electric vehicles: one is to connect external power lines to obtain electricity, and the other is to use batteries as electricity.
The History of Electric Vehicles
The world's first electric car was born in 1881, invented by French engineer Gustav? Truff, this is a three wheeled vehicle powered by lead-acid batteries, and in 1873, the electric vehicle invented by British man Robert Davidson using a single battery as power was not included in the international recognition scope. Later, lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells emerged as electric vehicles for electricity.
The basic structure of electric bicycles
An electric bicycle consists of five main parts: the body, electric drive device (motor), rechargeable battery, charger, and control system.
Different types of cars have different battery placement positions and control forms.
(1) Vehicle body: Due to the national standard that the maximum speed of electric bicycles is 20 kilometers per hour, there are no special requirements for the vehicle body, which is generally the same as bicycles and has the function of manual riding.
(2) Electric drive device (motor): There are generally three types of electric drive methods for electric bicycles: 1 Friction transmission type; 2. Mid axis drive type; 3. Electric wheel hub type. Due to the advantages of small size, light weight, low energy consumption, and high efficiency of electric wheel drive, most electric bicycles in China currently use this method. Electric motors are divided into two categories: brushless motors and brushless motors. Brushless motors are mainly low-speed high torque motors without transmission gears, avoiding mechanical wear and running with almost no noise. However, the starting current of brushless motors has a significant impact, and the control system structure is complex. The hub brush motor adopts advanced technology, which improves the lifespan of the brushes, has high motor efficiency, and simple electronic circuits in the control system.
(3) Rechargeable batteries: There are three main types of batteries used for electric bicycles, namely small sealed maintenance free lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, and nickel hydrogen batteries. Small sealed maintenance free lead-acid batteries have low operating costs, large capacity, and are widely used by domestic enterprises.
(4) Charger: The charger design adopts a three-stage automatic conversion method of constant current, constant voltage, and float charging, which protects the battery and effectively extends its lifespan.
(5) Control system: The control system is designed with multiple protection functions, such as battery display, wireless speed regulation, soft start, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, and brake power-off. Protecting the motor and battery allows for controlled current output, generating the required power without burning out the motor. At present, most electric bicycles developed in China rely on manual speed control handles to determine the power supply method on their own.
